Student's Pen: ENVIRONMENTAL LEGACY OF THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

INTRODUCTION

Ever since Earth began to be occupied by the human race, they have been dependent upon Mother Nature for various resources. Even after millions of years of development, nothing can compensate for the need of the natural resources.

The most fascinating feature of the older civilization is their deeply rooted connection with nature. Their culture, beliefs, and lifestyle circled around various aspects of the nature in a very friendly manner. Implying that all the activities, construction, daily routine, etc. were consistent with the laws of nature. The environmental principles prevalent during the Indus Valley civilization are deeply rooted in their understanding of the relationship or connection with the surrounding nature. Even though they lacked technical and scientific understanding, they stood successful in formulating progressive sustainable practices and policies that allowed them to prosper in harmony with the nature. Moreover, these prevalent practices later got codified in the Vedic and epic periods in which environmental sustainability became the focal point of religious texts as well as cultural practices predominating human conduct even in modern times.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES DURING THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

The Indus Valley civilization thrived around the banks of the Indus River, popularly known as the Harappa Civilization; existed during the period of 3300-1300 BCE. Excavations during the early the twentieth century led to the discovery of multiple important pieces of evidence relating to trade, artifacts, jewelry, and infrastructure. An unpopular aspect of environmental principles, including primary ideas of environmental sustainability and nature preservation, were also found. Also during this period, multiple aspects of nature were worshipped such as trees, rivers and animals. This feeling of respect is derived from the idea of considering nature a provider and fulfiller of their needs of food, water, and residence.

There are so many things that could be learned from modern-day society from ancient civilizations; these include

• Waste management- The Indus Valley Civilization has a well-planned drainage system that included proper waste management and sewage disposals. Moreover, in the comparatively developed cities of that era, there were designated places for waste disposal. Also, the sewage was covered with bricks and the surrounding area had multiple layers of wild bush, which helped in reducing the smell of degraded waste. This indicates their awareness towards environmental protection and preserving various elements of nature.
• Water conservation—The archaeological excavation in the cities of present-day Rajasthan and Gujarat show that the Harappa civilization has a very technically developed irrigation system that closely resonates with present-day canals, reservoirs, and dams. The most significant feature of this civilization was the great bath located in the city of Mohenjo-Daro (present-day Pakistan). It is a complex and massive structure with multiple channels of pipes that were used to bring fresh water and remove the excessive or polluted water through internal channels into the sewage, which was generally located outside the village or town. It also indicates their concern. for environmental cleanliness and public health.
• Use of locally available materials—People in the olden times made use of the locally available resources. Therefore, instead of molding the nature as per their requirements, they adjusted with what was provided to them. Like people settled in the plains and cultivated in small patches of land and made use of the forest area for hunting and collecting plant produce, including fruits, medicines, drugs, etc. This approach strengthens the relationship between humans and plants.
• Conservation of biodiversity—Paintings and inscriptions made during the later period of the civilization, provide significant information of the prevalent culture and primary religious practices. The people used to worship various aspects of nature. The peepal tree was the most important for all since it holds medicinal value. And animals like bulls and cows were used for carrying loads, protection, and also in agricultural activities and thus were tamed by all the people. The utmost importance of these plants and animals increased its importance, and people began to take strong steps to protect them.
• Resource management—The primitive people made efficient use of all types of renewable and non-renewable energy. For example, the construction in the citadel, like the town of Dholavira, made proficient use of ventilation and circulation, which were naturally available. They practiced agricultural activities in small patches of land, which was sufficient for the sustenance of a family of two instead of meeting the requirements of the whole community.
• Minimal impact of natural environment—People back then had a very balanced and harmonious relationship with nature. They promoted the existence of natural habitats of animals and plants. Many houses were constructed around gigantic trees instead of cutting plants down for sustaining the population.

Such examples indicate that not only the ancient Indus Valley civilization was aware of the importance of biodiversity and environment in their life but also took significant steps to protect and preserve the nature. The ideals of environmental sustainability were not only popular among the masses but a nodal character of the Indus Valley Civilization.

CONCLUSION

Environment refers to the complex intersection of multiple living and nonliving organisms, including plants, animals, microorganisms, etc. a harmonious existence of all these elements can create wonders. Ever since life began on earth, the environment has played a major role in nurturing the civilizations by providing them ample opportunities of food, water, minerals, semi-precious stones, and other resources for daily activities and further growth. The ancient civilizations soon realized the utmost importance of nature in their life and constructed a deep connection between environment and healthy human existence. This relationship is maintained through respect in forms of utilization and not exploitation; and protection and preservation. The Indus Valley civilization is known to have started the tradition of worshipping the trees and animals as an instance of respect in return for the resources provided by nature. The ancient environmental philosophies constituted by them offers valuable ideals for modern society. Their great emphasis on sustainable policies and in-depth knowledge of environmental cycles can be opted to develop a harmonious relationship amongst different elements of the environment.